Inventory of Interpersonal Problems-Personality Disorders: adaptation to Brazil and test of a bifactor model

Objective: The Inventory of Interpersonal Problems-Personality Disorders (IIP-PD-47) has a controversial factor structure, as some studies have provided support for 5 correlated factors, and others have suggested the existence of a general second-order dimension. One approach of data modelling that reconciles multidimensionality and the existence of a general factor is the bifactor analysis. We used unrestricted exploratory-confirmatory bifactor modelling to validate the Brazilian version of the IIP-PD-47. Methods: The sample consisted of 1,091 subjects aged 18-64 years who answered the IIP-PD-47 and a collateral measure of pathological traits, the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory 2 (IDCP-2). Results: After testing many candidate models, our data were best represented by a bifactor model with one general factor and five specific uncorrelated factors. Nevertheless, a closer inspection of the discriminant validity of each IIP-PD-47 factor revealed strong support for the general factor and a factor capturing aggressive behaviours, but less support for the additional four specific factors. Conclusions: The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed, and some recommendations are offered about the need for controlling response styles when assessing PD traits via self-report inventories. Our findings indicate that the Brazilian version of IIP-PD has promising psychometric properties.

Objetivo: El Inventario de Problemas Interpersonales-Trastornos de la Personalidad (IIP-PD-47) tiene una estructura factorial controvertida, ya que algunos estudios han apoyado 5 factores correlacionados y otros han sen˜ alado la existencia de una dimensión general de segundo orden. Un enfoque del modelado de datos que concilia la multidimensionalidad y la existencia de un factor general es el análisis de bifactores. Para validar la versión brasileña del IIP-PD-47, se utilizó un modelo bifactorial confirmatorio exploratorio sin restricciones. Métodos: La muestra incluyó a 1.091 sujetos de 18 a 64 anos que respondieron al IIP-PD-47 y una medida colateral de rasgos patológicos, el Inventario de Personalidad Clínica Dimensional 2 (IDCP-2). Resultados: Después de probar muchos modelos candidatos, nuestros datos se representaron mejor mediante un modelo bifactorial con 1 factor general y 5 factores específicos no correlacionados. Sin embargo, una inspección más cercana de la validez discriminante de cada factor IIP-PD-47 reveló un fuerte respaldo del factor general y un factor que capta comportamientos agresivos, pero menos respaldo a los 4 factores específicos adicionales. Conclusiones: Se discuten las implicaciones teóricas y prácticas de estos hallazgos y se ofrecen algunas recomendaciones sobre la necesidad de controlar los estilos de respuesta al evaluar los rasgos de la EP a través de inventarios de autoaplicados. Nuestros hallazgos indican que la versión brasileña de IIP-PD tiene propiedades psicométricas prometedoras.

Detection of intimate partner aggression through dark personality and moral disengagement / Detección de la agresión en la pareja íntima a través de la personalidad oscura y la desconexión moral / Detecção de agressão por parceiro íntimo através de personalidade sombria e desengajamento moral

Abstract: Health professionals are often the first to detect abuse. Intimate partner aggression can be approached by studying the personality of the aggressor. From this perspective, dark personality and the use of moral disengagement mechanisms are two key variables. In this study, information was collected from 348 individuals, mostly women, and a questionnaire was applied to determine what their sexual behavior was like with their partner. The Short Dark Tetrad (SD4) test was used to identify dark personality and the Propensity to Moral Disengagement to identify moral disengagement. Data were collected via Google forms and multivariate decision tree analysis (CHAID growth method) was performed. Results show that men score higher on the variables of dark personality variables and use of moral disengagement mechanisms than on the three variables that, along with sex, increase the presence of dark personality and moral disengagement mechanisms: infidelity, pornography consumption, and maintaining homosexual relationships. Infidelity and pornography consumption are characteristics present in all dimensions of dark personality. Moreover, these three variables are defining characteristics of relationships with high sadism scores. Nursing staff are possibly able to detect the presence of these variables in aggressors and thus initiate a process of victim protection. Therefore, this study proposes that nursing staff should be trained to perform this detection.

Resumen: Los profesionales de la salud son a menudo los primeros en detectar abusos. La agresión en la pareja íntima se puede abordar a partir del estudio de la personalidad del agresor. Desde esta perspectiva, la personalidad oscura y el uso de mecanismos de desconexión moral son las dos variables principales. Para ello, se recopiló información de 348 personas, casi todas mujeres, y se les aplicó un cuestionario para determinar el comportamiento de la pareja íntima: la prueba Short Dark Tetrad (SD4) para identificar la personalidad oscura y la escala Propensity to Moral Disengagement. Los datos se recopilaron a través de formularios de Google y se aplicó el análisis estadístico multivariado del árbol de decisión. Los resultados muestran cómo los hombres obtienen puntajes más altos en las variables de personalidad oscura y en el uso de mecanismos de desconexión moral. Además, la infidelidad, el consumo de pornografía, el mantenimiento de las relaciones homosexuales, la infidelidad y el consumo de pornografía se asocian con el logro de puntajes más altos en personalidad oscura y desconexión moral. Además, el mantenimiento de las relaciones homosexuales junto con la infidelidad y el consumo de pornografía son características que definen las relaciones con altas puntuaciones de sadismo cotidiano. Se estima que el equipo de enfermería puede detectar la presencia de estas variables en los agresores y así iniciar un proceso de protección a la víctima. Se propone formar al personal de enfermería para llevar a cabo esta detección.

Resumo: Os profissionais de saúde são, muitas vezes, os primeiros a detectar abusos. A agressão por parceiro íntimo pode ser abordada a partir do estudo da personalidade do agressor. Nessa perspectiva, a personalidade sombria e o uso de mecanismos de desengajamento moral são as duas principais variáveis. Para isso, foram coletadas informações de 348 pessoas, quase todas mulheres, e aplicou-lhes um questionário para determinar o comportamento do parceiro íntimo: o teste Short Dark Tetrad para identificar personalidade sombria e a escala Propensity to Moral Disengagement. Os dados foram coletados por meio de formulários do Google e a análise estatística multivariada em árvore de decisão foi aplicada. Os resultados mostram como os homens obtêm escores mais altos nas variáveis de personalidade sombria e no uso de mecanismos de desengajamento moral. Além disso, infidelidade, consumo de pornografia, manutenção de relacionamentos homossexuais, infidelidade e consumo de pornografia estão associados à obtenção de escores mais altos em personalidade sombria e desengajamento moral. Além disso, a manutenção de relacionamentos homossexuais, juntamente com a infidelidade e o consumo de pornografia, são características que definem relacionamentos com altos escores de sadismo cotidiano. Estima-se que a equipe de enfermagem possa detectar a presença dessas variáveis nos agressores e, assim, iniciar um processo de proteção à vítima. Propõe-se que a equipe de enfermagem possa ser treinada para realizar essa detecção.

The Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised - Abbreviated (EPQR-A): psychometric properties of the Brazilian Portuguese version

Abstract Introduction The Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised - Abbreviated (EPQR-A) consists of 24 items for assessment of the three fundamental personality traits (psychoticism, extraversion, and neuroticism) and a validity scale (lie scale). Our objectives were to assess the psychometric properties of a version of this instrument culturally adapted for Brazil. Method 321 participants were recruited using a non-probabilistic method. Results Internal consistencies ranged from minimally acceptable to respectable, except for the psychoticism domain. Higher neuroticism scores were associated with higher depression and anxiety scores, higher extraversion scores were associated with lower levels of depression symptoms, and higher psychoticism scores were associated with higher levels of depression symptoms. Conclusion Our findings describe sustainable psychometric properties for the Brazilian Portuguese version of EPQR-A.

Toward Developing Clinical cut-off for the Grandiosity Scale of the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory 2 / Hacia el Desarrollo del Punto de Corte Clínico Para la Escala de Grandiosidad del Inventario Clínico Dimensional de Personalidad 2

ABSTRACT Objective: The present study aims to establish a clinical cut-off for the Grandiosity dimension, using item-level evaluation procedures. Methods: Participants were 5,387 adults, including outpatients diagnosed with narcissistic personality disorder (NPD), outpatients diagnosed with other personality disorders, and adults from the community. We administered the self-reported Grandiosity scale from the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory 2 (IDCP-2). The equating procedure was applied to generate theta scores for participants who did not answer all items. Results: The Wright map revealed that outpatients scored high on the latent continuum of the Grandiosity scale. Group comparison showed large effect sizes for the mean difference between patients and non-patients. The ROC curve supports a cut off at a -0.45 score in theta standardisation, which yields a high sensitivity (91%) and moderate specificity (58%). Moreover, the PPP (71%) and NPP (79%) values suggest that the scale is able to identify NPD patients in 71% of cases, and people without NPD in 79% of cases. Conclusions: The findings suggest the IDCP-2 Grandiosity scale is useful as an NPD screening tool. Possible clinical applications for the scale are described and the limitations of the study are discussed.

RESUMEN Objetivo: El presente estudio tiene como objetivo establecer un corte clínico para la dimensión Grandiosidad, utilizando procedimientos de evaluación a nivel de ítem. Métodos: Los participantes fueron 5.387 adultos, entre pacientes ambulatorios diagnosticados con trastorno de personalidad narcisista (NPD), pacientes ambulatorios diagnosticados con otros trastornos de la personalidad, y adultos de la comunidad. Se administró la escala de Grandiosidad autoinformada del Inventario Dimensional Clínico de Personalidad 2 (IDCP-2). El procedimiento de ecualización se aplicó para generar puntuaciones theta para los participantes que no respondieron a todos los ítems. Resultados: El mapa de Wright reveló que los pacientes ambulatorios estaban ubicados en los niveles altos en el continuo latente de la escala de Grandiosidad. La comparación grupal mostró tamaños de efecto grandes para la diferencia de medias entre pacientes y no pacientes. La curva ROC confirma un corte en -.45 puntos en la estandarización theta que produce una alta sensibilidad (91%) y una especificidad moderada (58%). Además, los valores de PPP (71%) y NPP (79%) indican que la escala puede identificar a los pacientes con NPD en el 71% de los casos y las personas sin NPD en el 79% de los casos. Conclusiones: Los resultados indican que la escala de Grandiosidad del IDCP-2 es útil como instrumento de evaluación para NPD. Se describen posibles aplicaciones clínicas para la escala y se discuten las limitaciones del estudio.

Cuestionario Revisado de Personalidad de Eysenck (versión reducida): análisis con la teoría de respuesta al ítem / Revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (Brief Version): Analysis with Item Response Theory

Resumen El objetivo de este trabajo es aportar nuevas evidencias de calidad psicométrica para la adaptación argentina de la versión reducida del Cuestionario de Personalidad de Eysenck (EPQ-RS). Participaron 1136 personas de población general (52.5% femenino, edad media = 29.6 años, DE = 11.9) residentes en Buenos Aires, Argentina. La adaptación argentina se compone de 42 ítems con formato de respuesta dicotómica. Se realizó un análisis factorial confirmatorio a partir de la matriz de correlaciones tetracóricas. Esto permitió replicar la estructura propuesta por Eysenck para el modelo PEN (Psicoticismo-Extraversión-Neuroticismo) y la escala Sinceridad. Posteriormente, se ajustó el modelo logístico de dos parámetros por separado para los ítems de cada escala. Los ítems no mostraron funcionamiento diferencial según género. La discriminación de los ítems resultó moderada-alta. Los parámetros b se localizaron en rangos acotados de cada uno de los rasgos medidos, lo que originó que la precisión de las escalas varíe en el recorrido de los continuos. La escala Neuroticismo aporta más información en niveles medios del rasgo, Psicoticismo en los medio-bajos y Extraversión en los medio-altos. La escala Sinceridad mostró una función de información relativamente plana en todo el recorrido del rasgo. Se brindan evidencias de validez basadas en la relación con otras pruebas que miden facetas del neuroticismo y sintomatología. Las evidencias de validez y confiabilidad obtenidas ofrecen garantías de calidad suficientes para la aplicación de este instrumento en el contexto local y confirman la vigencia del modelo teórico que operacionaliza el EPQ-RS.

Abstract The aim of this work is to provide new evidence of psychometric quality for the Argentinean adaptation of the brief version of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ-RS). 1136 people from the general population (52.5% female, mean age = 29.6 years, SD = 11.9) residing in Buenos Aires, Argentina participated. The Argentinean adaptation consists of 42 items with dichotomous response format. A confirmatory factor analysis was performed from the tetrachoric correlation matrix. This allowed replicating the structure proposed by Eysenck for the PEN model (Psychoticism - Extroversion - Neuroticism) and the Lie scale. Subsequently, the two-parameter logistic model was adjusted separately for the items of each scale. The items did not show differential functioning by gender. Items discrimination was moderate-high. Parameters b were located in narrow ranges of each one of the measured traits, which caused the precision of the scales to vary along the trait continuums. The Neuroticism scale provides more information at medium levels of the trait, Psychoticism in the medium-low and Extraversion in the medium-high. The Lie scale showed a relatively flat information function throughout the trait. Evidence of validity based on the relationship with other tests that measure facets of neuroticism and symptomatology is provided. The evidence of validity and reliability obtained offers sufficient quality guarantees for the application of this instrument in the local context and confirms topicality of the theoretical model that operationalizes the EPQ-RS.

Cross subject personality assessment based on electroencephalogram functional connectivity and domain adaptation / 生物医学工程学杂志

The research shows that personality assessment can be achieved by regression model based on electroencephalogram (EEG). Most of existing researches use event-related potential or power spectral density for personality assessment, which can only represent the brain information of a single region. But some research shows that human cognition is more dependent on the interaction of brain regions. In addition, due to the distribution difference of EEG features among subjects, the trained regression model can not get accurate results of cross subject personality assessment. In order to solve the problem, this research proposes a personality assessment method based on EEG functional connectivity and domain adaption. This research collected EEG data from 45 normal people under different emotional pictures (positive, negative and neutral). Firstly, the coherence of 59 channels in 5 frequency bands was taken as the original feature set. Then the feature-based domain adaptation was used to map the feature to a new feature space. It can reduce the distribution difference between training and test set in the new feature space, so as to reduce the distribution difference between subjects. Finally, the support vector regression model was trained and tested based on the transformed feature set by leave-one-out cross-validation. What's more, this paper compared the methods used in previous researches. The results showed that the method proposed in this paper improved the performance of regression model and obtained better personality assessment results. This research provides a new method for personality assessment.

Verification of the Internal Structure of the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory 2 in a Brazilian Community Sample / Verificación de la Estructura Interna del Inventario Dimensional Clínico de Personalidad 2 en una Muestra de la Población Brasileña

Abstract The internal structure is investigated in mental health measures, exploring or confirming the association of stimuli composing the test and whether this structure is consistent with expectation. Our focus is on the internal structure of the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory 2 (1DCP-2), a self-report test for pathological traits measurement. Previous studies have only partially verified the internal structure of IDCP-2. The objective of this study is to verify the internal structure of IDCP-2, contemplating in the same analysis all its dimensions and factors. Participants were 2,000 people from the general population. We conducted confirmatory (CFA) and exploratory (EFA) factorial analyzes, including bifac-tor models. The results showed the bifactor model with 12 specific factors with best fit indices. The internal consistency for the general factor was above .90, and from .40 to .91 for the specific factors. Findings suggested the original solution of IDCP-2 is reasonable using a bifactor model.

Resumen La estructura interna se investiga en medidas de salud mental, explorando o confirmando la asociación de estímulos que componen la prueba, y si esta estructura es consistente con las expectativas. Nuestro enfoque está en la estructura interna del Inventario Dimensional Clínico de Personalidad 2 (IDCP-2), una prueba de autoinforme para la medición de rasgos patológicos. Estudios anteriores solo han verificado parcialmente la estructura interna de IDCP-2. El objetivo de este estudio es verificar la estructura interna del IDCP-2, contemplando en el mismo análisis todas sus dimensiones y factores. Los participantes fueron 200 personas de la población general. Realizamos análisis factoriales confirmatorios (CFA) y exploratorios (EFA), incluidos modelos bifactoriales. Los resultados mostraron el modelo bifactor con 12 factores específicos con los mejores índices de ajuste. La consistencia interna para el factor general fue superior a .90, y de .40 a .91 para los factores específicos. Los resultados sugieren que la solución original de IDCP-2 es razonable utilizando un modelo bifactor.

Publications on personality disorders in Brazilian journals: a narrative review / Publicações sobre transtornos da personalidade em revistas brasileiras: uma revisão narrativa / Publicaciones sobre trastornos de personalidad en revistas brasileñas: una revisión narrativa

Despite the prevalence of personality disorders (PD) and their association with several harmful health outcomes, previous reports found a low number of studies on PDs conducted in Brazil. We conducted a narrative review to investigate the current state of research in Brazil focusing on PDs. The search was performed in BVS-Psi, PePSIC, and Google Scholar databases. We focused on papers published in Brazilian journals as a criterion to select studies conducted in Brazil and/or coordinated by Brazilian researchers. A total of 177 papers were included. Approximately 60% of papers were empirical studies, although only 47.17% of them had clinical samples. Borderline and Antisocial were the most recurrently investigated PDs. Two scales were usually administered, IDCP and PID-5. SCID-II was administered in less than 5% of empirical studies. We proposed an agenda for research on PDs in Brazil, including guidelines and directions eminently urgent to the studies to be conducted in Brazil. (AU)

Apesar da prevalência dos transtornos da personalidade (TP) e a associação com diversas consequências prejudiciais, estudos prévios encontraram um número escasso de pesquisas conduzidas no Brasil. Nós conduzimos uma revisão narrativa para investigar o estado atual de pesquisas no Brasil com foco em TP. A busca foi realizada nas bases BVS-Psi, PePSIC e Google Acadêmico. Nós focamos em artigos publicados em periódicos brasileiros como critério para seleção de estudos conduzidos no Brasil e/ou coordenados por pesquisadores brasileiros. No total, 177 artigos foram selecionados. Aproximadamente 60% eram estudos empíricos, embora apenas 47.17% destes, incluíram amostras clínicas. Os TPs mais investigados foram Borderline e Antissocial. As duas escalas mais aplicadas foram o IDCP e o PID-5. A SCID-II foi aplicada em menos de 5% dos estudos empíricos. Nós propomos uma agenda para pesquisas sobre TP no Brasil, incluindo diretrizes e direções urgentes para estudos a serem conduzidos no Brasil. (AU)

A pesar de la prevalencia de los trastornos de la personalidad (TP) y su asociación con varias consecuencias nocivas, estudios previos han encontrado un escaso número de estudios realizados en Brasil. Se realizó una revisión narrativa para pesquisar el estado actual de la investigación en Brasil con un enfoque en el TP. La búsqueda se realizó en las bases de datos BVS-Psi, PePSIC, y Google Scholar. Priorizando artículos publicados en revistas brasileñas como criterio de selección de los estudios realizados en Brasil y/o coordinados por investigadores brasileños. En total, 177 artículos fueron seleccionados. Aproximadamente el 60% fueron estudios empíricos, aunque solo el 47.17% de estos incluyeron muestras clínicas. Los TP más investigados fueron Borderline y Antisocial. Las dos escalas más aplicadas fueron el IDCP y el PID-5. La SCID-I se aplicó en menos del 5% de los estudios empíricos. Se propuso una agenda para la investigación sobre TP en Brasil, incluyendo las directrices y orientaciones eminentemente urgentes a los estudios que se llevarán a cabo. (AU)

Relationship between depression and global and specific personality global functioning / Relação entre depressão e funcionamento patológico global e específico da personalidade / Relación entre la depresión y el funcionamiento global de la personalidad global y específica

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between depressive symptoms and pathological personality functioning (PPF) and specific indicators of pathological personality patterns. The participants were 446 adults from the general population. Part of the sample (n = 237) answered scales evaluating the PPF (Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory - screening (IDCP-Screening)) and symptoms of depression (Baptist Depression Scale - screening (EBADEP-Screening)); another part (n = 209) answered tests evaluating personality disorders (PD) (SCID-II personality questionnaire; SCID-II-PQ) and symptoms of depression (EBADEP-screening). The results indicated that both PPF and PD showed positive associations with depressive symptoms, although associations with PPF were stronger. The PD most associated with depressive symptoms were avoidant, dependent, and borderline. Findings suggest that PPF and specific pathological patterns are risk factors for the onset of depressive symptoms.

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar as relações entre sintomas depressivos e indicadores globais (funcionamento patológico da personalidade - PPF) e específicos (transtornos da personalidade - TP) de padrões de personalidade patológica. Participaram do estudo 446 adultos da população geral. Uma parte da amostra (n = 237) preencheu testes avaliando o PPF (Inventário Dimensional Clínico da Personalidade - triagem (IDCP-triagem)) e sintomas de depressão (Escala Baptista de Depressão - triagem (EBADEP-triagem)); outra parte (n = 209) preencheu testes avaliando TP (questionário de personalidade da SCID-II; SCID-II-QP) e sintomas de depressão (EBADEP-triagem). Os resultados indicaram que tanto o PPF quanto os TPs apresentaram associações positivas com sintomas depressivos, apesar de as associações com o PPF terem sido mais fortes. Os TPs que mais se associaram aos sintomas depressivos foram evitativo, dependente e borderline. Os achados sugerem que o PPF e os padrões específicos são fatores de risco para o surgimento de sintomas depressivos.

El objetivo del presente estudio fue investigar las relaciones entre los síntomas depresivos y el funcionamiento patológico de la personalidad (PPF) y los indicadores específicos de los patrones patológicos de la personalidad. 446 adultos de la población general participaron en el estudio. Una parte de la muestra (n = 237) respondió a las pruebas que evaluaban PPF (Inventario Dimensional Clinico de Personalidad Dimensional (IDCP)) y síntomas de depresión (Escala de Depresión Baptista - (EBADEP)); otra parte (n = 209) respondieron pruebas que evaluaban TP (cuestionario de personalidad SCID-II; SCID-II-QP) y síntomas de depresión (cribado EBADEP). Los resultados indicaron que tanto PPF como TP mostraron asociaciones positivas con síntomas depresivos, aunque las asociaciones con PPF fueron más fuertes. Las TB más asociadas con síntomas depresivos fueron evitantes, dependientes y dudosas. Los hallazgos sugieren que PPF y patrones específicos son factores de riesgo para la aparición de síntomas depresivos.

Diagnóstico de la organización de la personalidad: una actualización teórico-empírica de la propuesta de Otto F. Kernberg / Diagnosis of personality organization: a theoretical empirical update of Otto F. Kernberg's proposal

Resumen El diagnostico estructural propuesto por el Dr. Otto F. Kernberg y su equipo de trabajo del Instituto de Trastornos de Personalidad en Nueva York ha sido una gran contribución tanto para la comprensión de la personalidad como para el tratamiento de estos casos. El objetivo del presente artículo es realizar una revisión actualizada de este enfoque, abordando una comprensión general de la personalidad, y posteriormente profundizar en el diagnóstico diferencial de la organización neurótica y limítrofe. Además, dentro del espectro limítrofe se distinguirá aquellos cuadros de funcionamiento alto, medio, y bajo, considerando su grado de severidad, y pronostico. Finalmente, se hará una síntesis del proceso de evaluación que consiste en la entrevista estructural.

Personality Organization Diagnosis, proposed by Dr. Otto F. Kernberg and his team from the Personality Disorder Institute in New York, has been an important contribution to the understanding and treatment of personality disorders. The aim of this article is to make an updated review of this approach, addressing a general understanding of what is personality, and subsequently deepening the differential diagnosis of the neurotic and borderline personality organization. Furthermore, within de borderline spectrum, those high, medium, and low functioning will be distinguished, considering its severity and prognosis. Finally, a synthesis of the personality assessment process will be carried put, which consist of the Structural Interview

Relationship between religiosity domains and traits from borderline and schizotypal personality disorders in a Brazilian community sample

Abstract Introduction Research suggests that religiosity domains are associated with mental health constructs. Some studies have focused on the relationship between religiosity and personality disorders. Objective To investigate the relationship between religiosity domains and pathological traits of the borderline (BPD) and schizotypal (SZPD) personality disorders. Methods Participants were 751 adults from the general population who answered the Multidimensional Inventory for Religious/Spiritual Well-Being (MI-RSWB-E), the Attachment to God Inventory (AGI), and factors of the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory 2 (IDCP-2). Pearson's correlation and regression analysis were conducted with pathological traits as independent variables and religiosity domains as dependent variables. Results Correlation and regression analyses indicated slightly higher associations between religiosity domain and BPD traits in comparison to SZPD traits. BPD traits showed higher associations with the hope immanent, forgiveness and hope transcendent domains, while SZPD presented higher associations with connectedness. The SZPD-related paranormality factor presented the highest correlation observed in the study and was the best SZPD predictor of religiosity domains. The BPD-related hopelessness factor was the predictor with significant contribution to most regression models. BPD traits presented slightly higher average association with religiosity domains, whereas spiritual-related domains (e.g., connectedness) tended to show higher associations with SZPD traits. Conclusions Our findings help explain the relationship between specific pathological traits and religiosity domains.

Development and preliminary psychometric evaluation of the dimensional clinical personality inventory - Schizoid Personality Disorder Scale / Desenvolvimento e avaliação psicométrica preliminar do inventário dimensional clínico da personalidade - Escala transtorno da personalidade esquizoide / Desarrollo y evaluación psicométrica preliminar del inventario dimensional clínico de personalidad - Escala del trastorno esquizoide de la personalidad

A new dimensional-based framework was proposed, the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP). This study aimed to develop a specific version of the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory 2 (IDCP-2), focused on the assessment of the schizoid personality disorder (SZPD) according to the HiTOP. In stage 1, we developed a new factor to cover all SZPD traits, as presented in the HiTOP. Six factors (one new and five from the IDCP-2) composed the IDCP-SZPD. In stage 2, 434 adults from the community, aged from 18 to 67 years (M=31.6, SD=9.7), completed factors from three self-report measures: the IDCP-SZPD, PID-5, and FFaVA. The IDCP-SZPD factors and total score presented high reliability. Correlations and a bootstrap two-sample t-test comparison corroborated the expectations. Although we found evidence supporting the use of the IDCP-SZPD for the measurement of SZPD traits, further research is needed to verify the replicability of the present findings in samples composed of SZPD patients. (AU)

Um novo framework dimensional foi proposto, o Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP). O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver uma versão específica do Inventário Dimensional Clínico da Personalidade 2 (IDCP-2), com foco na avaliação do transtorno da personalidade esquizoide (TPE) de acordo com o HiTOP. No estágio 1, foi desenvolvido um novo fator, buscando cobrir todos os traços do TPE apresentados no HiTOP. Compuseram o IDCP-SZPD seis fatores (um novo e cinco do IDCP-2). No estágio 2, 434 adultos da população geral, com idade entre 18 e 67 anos (M = 31.6; DP = 9,7), completaram fatores de três medidas de autorrelato: IDCP-SZPD, PID-5 e FFaVA. Os fatores do IDCP-SZPD e o escore total apresentaram alta precisão. Correlações e comparações via bootstrap two-sample t teste corroboraram as expectativas. Embora evidências favoráveis tenham sido observadas para o uso do IDCP-SZPD, na avaliação de traços do TPE, estudos futuros devem verificar a replicabilidade dos achados em amostras de pacientes com TPE. (AU)

Un nuevo framework dimensional fue propuesto, el Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP). El objetivo fue el de desarrollar una versión específica del Inventario Dimensional Clínico de Personalidad 2 (IDCP-2), centrado en la evaluación del trastorno esquizoide de la personalidad (TPE) según el HiTOP. En la etapa 1 se desarrolló un nuevo factor para cubrir todos los rasgos del TPE presentados en el HiTOP. Seis factores (uno nuevo y cinco del IDCP-2) compusieron el IDCP-SZPD. En la etapa 2, 434 adultos de la comunidad, con edades comprendidas entre 18 y 67 años (M =31,6, DS=9,7), completaron los factores de tres medidas de auto-informe: IDCP-SZPD, PID-5 y FFaVA. Los factores del IDCP-SZPD y el puntaje total mostraron una alta confiabilidad. Las correlaciones y la comparación del bootstrap two-sample t test corroboraron las expectativas. Aunque se observaron evidencias favorables para el uso de la IDCP-SZPD para la medición de rasgos de TPE, los estudios posteriores deberían verificar la replicabilidad de los presentes hallazgos en muestras compuestas por pacientes con TPE. (AU)

Funcionamento patológico da personalidade para predição da depressão, qualidade de vida e esperança / Pathological functioning of personality for prediction of depression, quality of life and hope

Estudos prévios apontam que níveis de funcionamentos patológico da personalidade (FPP) se associam com maior presença de sintomas depressivos, baixa qualidade de vida e esperança. Entretanto, não foram observados estudos utilizando conjuntamente essas três variáveis em um modelo focado no FPP. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a capacidade preditiva dos níveis de FPP sobre qualidade de vida (QV), esperança e depressão. Participaram 475 sujeitos com idade entre 18 a 70 anos e em sua maioria mulheres (81,1%), que responderam aos seguintes instrumentos: Inventário Dimensional Clínico versão triagem (IDCP-triagem), Escala Baptista de depressão versão triagem (EBADEP-A-triagem), WHOQOL-Bref e Escala de Esperança de Herth (EEH). Por meio da modelagem de equações estruturais, indicadores de depressão foram positivamente preditos pelo FPP, enquanto os de QV e esperança foram negativamente preditos, tal qual as hipóteses do estudo. Estes achados demonstram a alta capacidade preditiva do FPP sobre depressão, QV e esperança. Na clínica, ao observar perfil que combine estas características pode ser indicado a necessidade da avaliação dos aspectos patológicos da personalidade.

Previous studies suggest that more severe levels of personality (i.e., personality pathological functioning ­ PPF) are associated to the presence of depressive symptoms, low quality of life, and hope. However, we could not find publications using at the same time these three variables in a model focused on the FPP. The aim of this study was to verify the predictive capacity of the levels of pathological personality functioning (PPF) on quality of life (QL), hope and depression. Participants were 475 subjects, aged between 18 and 70 years, mostly women (81.1%), who responded to the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory screening version (IDCP-screening), Baptista Depression Rating Scale (EBADEP-A-screening), WHOQOL-Bref, and Herth Hope Scale (EEH). Through the structural equation modeling, depression indicators were positively predicted by PPF, while those of QL and hope were negatively predicted, according to the study's hypothesis. These findings demonstrate the high predictive capacity of the PPF on depression, QL, and hope. We conclude that clinicians should consider to assess pathological aspects of the personality when observing a profile that combines high levels of depression and low levels of QL and hope.

Development of the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory - avoidant version based on the HiTOP / Desenvolvimento do Inventário Dimensional Clínico da Personalidade - versão evitativo baseado no HiTOP / Desarrollo del Inventario Dimensional Clínico de la Personalidad - versión evitativa basada en el HiTOP

This study aimed to develop a specific version of the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory 2 (IDCP-2), focused on the assessment of avoidant personality disorder (AvPD) according to the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP). First, we developed the IDCP-Av, composed of one new factor and four factors from the IDCP-2. A total of 436 adults completed this, and two external measures (PID-5 and FFAvA). The IDCP-Av factors and its total score presented high reliability. Correlations and group comparisons were coherent, corroborating expectations. Favorable evidence was observed for the use of the IDCP-Av for the measurement of AvPD, although future studies should replicate the findings in samples composed of patients.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver uma versão específica do Inventário Dimensional Clínico da Personalidade 2 (IDCP-2), focada na avaliação do transtorno da personalidade evitativo (TPE) de acordo com o Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP). Primeiro foi desenvolvido o IDCP-Av, composto por um novo fator e quatro fatores do IDCP-2. 436 adultos responderam-no, além de medidas externas (PID-5 e FFAvA). Os fatores do IDCP-Av e o escore total apresentaram alta precisão. Correlações e comparações entre grupos foram coerentes e corroboraram as expectativas. Evidências favoráveis foram observadas para o uso do IDCP-Av para avaliação do TPE, embora futuros estudos devem tentar replicar os achados em amostras compostas por pacientes.(AU)

El objetivo de este estudio fue desarrollar una versión específica del Inventario Dimensional Clínico de la Personalidad 2 (IDCP-2), centrado en la evaluación del trastorno de la personalidad evitativa (TPE) de acuerdo con el Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP). Primeramente se desarrolló el IDCP-Av, compuesto por un nuevo factor y por cuatro factores del IDCP-2. 436 adultos lo contestaron juntamente con medidas externas (PID-5 y FFAvA). Los factores IDCP-Av y su puntuación total presentaron una alta fiabilidad. Las correlaciones y las comparaciones de los grupos fueron coherentes, corroborando con las expectativas. Se observaron evidencias favorables para el uso del AvPD-Av para evaluar el TPE. Sin embargo, estudios posteriores deberían replicar los hallazgos presentes en muestras compuestas por pacientes.(AU)

Características de personalidad, hábitos alimentarios y diagnóstico nutricional. Estudio en adolescentes con sobrepeso y obesidad en Monteros, Argentina / Personality characteristics, eating habits and nutritional diagnosis. Study in adolescents with overweight and obesity in Monteros, Argentina

RESUMEN Objetivo Identificar las relaciones entre las características de personalidad, los hábitos alimentarios y el diagnóstico nutricional de adolescentes escolarizados de Monteros, Tucumán, Argentina. Material y Método Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, comparativo transversal, con una muestra no probabilística de 172 adolescentes (edad promedio = 13,5 ± 1,0). Se tomaron mediciones individuales de peso y talla para calcular el índice de masa corporal y dividirlos en dos grupos: clínico (sobrepesos/obesos) y control (peso normal). Además, se les aplicó un cuestionario de personalidad y un cuestionario de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos adaptado para el presente estudio. Resultados El 41,9% de los adolescentes presentaban sobrepeso, obesidad y obesidad mórbida. La frecuencia de consumo de alimentos y los hábitos alimentarios fueron adecuados en ambos grupos, mientras que la actividad física y estilo de vida fueron poco adecuados en el grupo control y adecuado en el grupo clínico. Se encontraron asociaciones estadísticas bajas entre los rasgos de personalidad, los hábitos alimentarios y la actividad física y estilo de vida; mientras que no se pudo comprobar la relación entre la personalidad, el diagnóstico nutricional y la frecuencia de consumo de alimentos. Conclusión Los resultados evidenciaron un importante aumento de sobrepeso y obesidad respecto a estudios locales previos como la vinculación entre los rasgos de personalidad, los hábitos alimentarios y la actividad física y estilo de vida.

ABSTRACT Objective To identify the relationships between the characteristics of the persona-lity, eating habits and the nutritional diagnosis of school-age adolescents of Monteros, Tucumán, Argentina. Material and Method A quantitative, cross-sectional comparative study was conducted with a non-probabilistic sample of 172 adolescents (average age = 13,57 ± 1,074). Individual measurements of weight and height were taken to calculate the body mass index and divided into two groups: clinical (overweight / obese) and control (normal weight). Moreover, a personality questionnaire was applied to them, and a food consumption frequency questionnaire adapted for the present study. Results 41.9% of adolescents were overweight, obese and morbidly obese. The frequency of food consumption and eating habits are adequate in both groups, while phy-sical activity and lifestyle was little adequate in the control group and adequate in the clinical group. Significant associations were found between personality traits, eating habits and physical activity-lifestyle, while the relationship between personality and nutritional diagnosis and the frequency of food consumption could not be verified. Conclusion The results showed an increase in overweight/obesity compared to previous local studies and the correlation between personality traits, eating habits and physical activity-lifestyle.

Impact of personality traits on prosthodontic patients

Determining oral health-related quality of life in elderly patientswith removable prostheses who have increased difficulty inreporting oral issues is imperative for a successful rehabilitation.Aim: Our objective is to assess the extent to which a trace,or personality dimension, can influence oral health-relatedquality of life (OHRQoL) in rehabilitated patients. Methods:135 participants rehabilitated with removable prosthesis wereevaluated in the Clinical Unit of Removable Prosthodontics ofthe Faculty of Dental Medicine of Porto University, Portugal. TheOral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) questionnaire was appliedto evaluate oral health-related quality of life, along with theEysenck Personality Inventory (E.P.I.) to determine a personalitytrait. Statistical analysis was carried out using Mann-Whitney,Student's t-test, Spearman's rho and linear regression. Results:No statistical correlation was found concerning age, gender andoral health-related quality of life. Regarding the latter, the highestagreement was found on the question involving "pain in teeth".The prevalence of acrylic partial dentures, as opposed to partialdentures with metallic framework, was substantially higher. Nosignificant association between both extraversion/neuroticism(E.P.I.) and oral health-related quality of life (OHIP-14) uponrehabilitation with removable prostheses was found (p>0,05).In our study, personality traits neuroticism and extraversion didnot influence oral health-related quality of life with removableprostheses. However, we should not overlook the importance ofother psychological factors (such as motivation or perception)and their role in determining oral health-related quality of life.Conclusion: Personality traits "extraversion" and "neuroticism"did not influence oral health-related quality of life

Pathological personality and quality of life: validity evidences for IDCP-2 / Personalidade patológica e qualidade de vida: evidências de validade para o IDCP-2 / Personalidad patológica y calidad de vida: evidencias de validez para el IDCP-2

This study aimed to investigate validity based on external criteria, i.e., the quality of life, of the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory 2 (IDCP-2), an instrument that assesses pathological personality traits. 1618 Brazilians answered IDCP-2, WHOQOLbref, PANAS, and Life Satisfaction scale. The results indicated negative correlations between specific domains of IDCP-2 and life satisfaction and experience of positive affects. Regression analysis using IDCP-2 domains as independent variables and scores from PANAS, life satisfaction, WHOQOL, and clinical sociodemographic variable as dependent variables showed predictive capacity from .27 (life satisfaction) to .48 (general life quality). Our findings indicate that IDCP-2 could be used as an indicator of the absence or the lack of positive outcomes presently investigated. Mostly, we found that presenting high scores on Self-sacrifice and Isolation and low scores on Conscientiousness is indicative of the poor quality of life.

O objetivo deste estudo foi buscar evidências de validade com base em critérios externos (qualidade de vida) para o Inventário Dimensional Clínico da Personalidade 2 (IDCP-2). Participaram do estudo 1.618 brasileiros, que responderam ao IDCP-2, ao WHOQOL-bref, à PANAS e à Escala de Satisfação de Vida. Encontramos correlações negativas entre fatores específicos do IDCP-2 e satisfação com a vida e experiência de afetos positivos. A análise de regressão com dimensões do IDCP-2 como preditores e os escores na PANAS, satisfação com a vida, WHOQOL e variável clínica-demográfica como variáveis dependentes demonstrou capacidade preditiva entre 0,27 (satisfação com a vida) e 0,48 (qualidade de vida geral). Os resultados sugerem que o IDCP-2 pode ser utilizado como indicador da falta ou o rebaixamento quanto aos desfechos positivos presentemente estudados. No geral, encontramos que altas pontuações em Autossacrifício e Isolamento e baixos escores em Conscienciosidade são indicativos de baixa qualidade de vida.

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar validez del Inventario de Personalidad Clínica Dimensional 2 (IDCP-2) a partir de criterios externos (calidad de vida). 1618 brasileños contestaron IDCP-2, WHOQOL-bref, PANAS y escala de Satisfacción de Vida. Los resultados indicaron correlaciones negativas entre factores específicos del IDCP-2 y aspectos de la calidad de vida, y experiencia de afectos positivos. El análisis de regresión utilizando dominios IDCP-2 como variables independientes y puntuaciones de PANAS, satisfacción con la vida, WHOQOL y variables socio demográficas clínicas como variables dependientes mostró una capacidad predictiva de .27 (satisfacción con la vida) a .48 (calidad de vida general). Nuestros hallazgos sugieren que el IDCP-2 podría usarse como un indicador de la ausencia o la falta de los resultados positivos investigados actualmente. Encontramos que la presentación de puntuaciones altas en el sacrificio y el aislamiento y puntuaciones bajas en la conciencia es un indicio de la calidad de vida deficiente.

Dependency, mood instability, and inconsequence traits for discriminating borderline personality disorder / Traços de dependência, instabilidade de humor e inconsequência para discriminação do transtorno da personalidade borderline

Abstract Introduction Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is one of the most widely studied personality disorders (PDs). It recurrently shows traits of emotional lability, anxiety, separation insecurity, depressiveness, impulsiveness, risk exposure, and hostility, mainly affecting the domains of negative affectivity and antagonism. Objectives To investigate the most discriminant dimensions of the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory (Inventário Dimensional Clínico da Personalidade 2 [IDCP-2]) to distinguish people diagnosed with BPD from people without this diagnosis. Methods A total of 305 participants were included in this study: psychiatric outpatients diagnosed with BPD (n = 30), psychiatric outpatients diagnosed with other PDs (n = 75), and a community sample (n = 200). BPD traits were assessed using the dependency, mood instability, and inconsequence dimensions of the IDCP-2. Results Analysis of variance (ANOVA) comparisons indicated highest mean measures in the BPD group, and mood instability factors were the most discriminant ones when considering all groups. Applying the multiple regression analysis, we found an adjusted r 2 = 0.50, and hopelessness was the most predictive measure (β = 0.32; t = 6.19; p < 0.001). Conclusions We found discriminatory capacity for factors of all dimensions, although at different levels, and more consistent results to discriminate the BPD group from the community sample.

Resumo Introdução O transtorno da personalidade borderline (TPB) tem sido um dos transtornos de personalidade (TPs) mais estudados. O TPB recorrentemente apresenta traços de instabilidade emocional, ansiedade, insegurança de separação, depressividade, impulsividade, exposição ao risco e hostilidade, afetando principalmente os domínios relacionados à afetividade negativa e ao antagonismo. Objetivos Investigar as dimensões mais discriminativas do Inventário Dimensional Clínico da Personalidade 2 (IDCP-2) para distinguir pessoas diagnosticadas com TPB de pessoas sem esse diagnóstico. Métodos Foram incluídos no estudo 305 participantes: pacientes psiquiátricos com TPB (n = 30), pacientes psiquiátricos com outros TPs (n = 75) e amostra da população geral (n = 200). Os traços de TPB foram avaliados utilizando as dimensões dependência, instabilidade de humor e inconsequência do IDCP-2. Resultados As comparações com análise de variância (ANOVA) indicaram que o grupo TPB apresentou as maiores médias, e os fatores da dimensão instabilidade de humor foram os mais discriminativos ao se comparar os três grupos. Usando a análise de regressão múltipla, foi encontrado um r 2 ajustado = 0,50, e o fator desesperança foi o mais preditivo (β = 0,32; t = 6,19; p < 0,001). Conclusões Foi encontrada capacidade discriminativa para fatores de todas as dimensões, embora em diferentes níveis, e resultados mais consistentes quanto à discriminação foram observados para a distinção entre o grupo com TPB e a população geral.

Investigation of the clinical functioning of the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory 2 criticism avoidance dimension / Investigação do funcionamento clínico da dimensão evitação a críticas do Inventário Dimensional Clínico da Personalidade 2

Abstract Objective: To investigate the clinical functioning of the criticism avoidance dimension from the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory 2 (Inventário Dimensional Clínico da Personalidade 2 [IDCP-2]), establishing a clinically relevant cut-off for the typical traits of avoidant personality disorder (AvPD) for screening purposes. Methods: We administered the IDCP-2 to a sample of 2,276 subjects aged 18 to 90 years (mean = 26.95, standard deviation = 9.71). Of the total sample, 1,650 were women (67%) and most were college students (72.7%). The sample was divided into psychiatric patients diagnosed with other personality disorders (PDs) (n = 53), patients diagnosed with AvPD without comorbidities (n = 10), patients with AvPD with comorbidities (n=42) and those without a known diagnosis of PD (nonpsychiatric patients; n=2,171). Results: We checked for psychometric properties, assessed the adequacy of psychometric assumptions, and proceeded to focus analyses. The Wright item-person map showed the predominance of patients with AvPD in high levels of the scale. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) post hoc comparisons pointed to significant and expressive differences for almost all the comparisons; in the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, we observed a sensitivity of 79% and a specificity of 87%. Conclusion: We found a suitable cut-off for the dimension, and results suggest that the dimension may help clinicians discriminate between patients with and without high levels in the symptoms of AvPD.

Resumo Objetivo: Investigar o funcionamento clínico da dimensão evitação a críticas do Inventário Dimensional Clínico da Personalidade 2 (IDCP-2), estabelecendo um ponto de corte relevante para traços típicos do transtorno da personalidade evitativa (avoidant personality disorder - AvPD), para finalidade de triagem. Métodos: Nós aplicamos o IDCP-2 em uma amostra de 2.276 pessoas com idade entre 18 e 90 anos (média=26,95; desvio padrão=9,71). Dessa amostra, 1.650 eram mulheres (67%) e a maioria era de universitários (72,7%). A amostra foi dividida em pacientes psiquiátricos com outros transtornos de personalidade (PD; n = 53), pacientes com AvPD sem comorbidades (n = 10), pacientes com AvPD com comorbidades (n=42) e aqueles sem diagnóstico conhecido de PD (pacientes não psiquiátricos; n=2.171). Resultados: Foram verificadas as propriedades psicométricas, investigando a adequação dos pressupostos psicométricos, e então procedemos às análises principais. O mapa Wright de itens-pessoas mostrou a predominância de pacientes com AvPD nos níveis mais altos da escala. Análises post hoc, pela análise de variância (ANOVA), apontou para diferenças significativas e expressivas para quase todas as comparações; na curva ROC, nós observamos sensibilidade de 79% e especificidade de 87%. Conclusão: Foi encontrado um ponto de corte adequado para a dimensão, e os resultados sugerem que a dimensão pode auxiliar clínicos a discriminar pacientes com elevação nos traços do AvPD de pacientes sem elevação nesses traços.

Comparative Study on Personality Assessment Inventory and MMPI-2 Profiles of Groups with High and Low Depression and Suicide Ideation in Psychiatry Patients and Discriminant Variables of Depression and Suicide Ideation / 신경정신의학

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to compare psychological test profiles of psychiatric outpatients with high and low depression/suicide ideation and to identify predictor variables for depression/suicide ideation. METHODS: Component scores of the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) were compared using t-tests. Discriminant analysis was conducted for predictor variables of depression/suicide ideation. RESULTS: Regarding PAI profiles, somatic complaints (SOM), anxiety (ANX), anxiety-related disorder (ARD), depression (DEP), paranoia (PAR), borderline features (BOR), antisocial features (ANT), mania (MAN) drug problems (DRG) scores were significantly elevated in high depression and high suicide ideation groups. Concerning MMPI-2 profiles, the scores of hypochondriasis (Hs), depression (D), hysteria (Hy), psychopathic deviate (Pd), paranoia (Pa), psychasthenia (Pt), schizophrenia (Sc), social introversion (Si) were significantly elevated in these same groups. The PAI and MMPI-2 profile shapes were remarkably similar between high depression and high suicide ideation groups. Therefore, in terms of psychological profile, depression and suicidal ideation seemed to reflect the same construct. However, in discriminant analysis, significant predictors for depression were found to be Pt and D Sc from MMPI-2, while those for suicide ideation were found to be Pa and Sc, suggest subtle differences. CONCLUSION: The superficial characteristics of depression and suicide ideation groups reflected by the psychological test profiles seemed similar, but the determining factors may differ. Thus, the psychological interventions for these two groups may have to follow different routes considering these subtle differences.